Release History¶

v0.3.0 (2021-03-19)¶

This release marks a major update we’re really excited about: wayback.WaybackClient.get_memento() no longer returns a Response object from the Requests package that takes a lot of extra work to interpret correctly. Instead, it returns a new wayback.Memento object. It’s really similar to the Response we used to return, but doesn’t mix up current and historical data — it represents the historical, archived HTTP response that is stored in the Wayback Machine. This is a big change to the API, so we’ve bumped the version number to 0.3.x.

Notable Changes¶

Breaking change: wayback.WaybackClient.get_memento() takes new parameters and has a new return type. More details below.
Breaking change: wayback.memento_url_data() now returns 3 values instead of 2. The last value is a string representing the playback mode (see below description of the new mode parameter on wayback.WaybackClient.get_memento() for more about playback modes).
Requests to the Wayback Machine now have a default timeout of 60 seconds. This was important because we’ve seen many recent issues where the Wayback Machine servers don’t always close connections.

If needed, you can disable this by explicitly setting timeout=None when creating a wayback.WaybackSession. Please note this is not a timeout on how long a whole request takes, but on the time between bytes received.
wayback.WaybackClient.get_memento() now raises wayback.exceptions.NoMementoError when the requested URL has never been archived by the WaybackMachine. It no longer raises requests.exceptions.HTTPError under any circumstances.

You may notice that removing APIs from the Requests package is a theme here. Under the hood, Wayback still uses Requests for HTTP requests, but we expect to change that in order to ensure this package is thread-safe. We will bump the version to v0.4.x when doing so.

get_memento() Parameters¶

The parameters in wayback.WaybackClient.get_memento() have been re-organized. The method signature is now:

def get_memento(self,
                url,                        # Accepts new types of values.
                datetime=None,              # New parameter.
                mode=Mode.original,         # New parameter.
                *,                          # Everything below is keyword-only.
                exact=True,
                exact_redirects=None,
                target_window=24 * 60 * 60,
                follow_redirects=True)      # New parameter.

All parameters except url (the first parameter) from v0.2.x must now be specified with keywords, and cannot be specified positionally.

If you previously used keywords, your code will be fine and no changes are necessary:

# This still works great!
client.get_memento('http://web.archive.org/web/20180816111911id_/http://www.noaa.gov/',
                   exact=False,
                   exact_redirects=False,
                   target_window=3600)

However, positional parameters like the following will now cause problems, and you should switch to the above keyword form:

# This will now cause you some trouble :(
client.get_memento('http://web.archive.org/web/20180816111911id_/http://www.noaa.gov/',
                   False,
                   False,
                   3600)

The url parameter can now be a normal, non-Wayback URL or a wayback.CdxRecord, and new datetime and mode parameters have been added.

Previously, if you wanted to get a memento of what http://www.noaa.gov/ looked like on August 1, 2018, you would have had to construct a complex string to pass to get_memento():
```
client.get_memento('http://web.archive.org/web/20180801000000id_/http://www.noaa.gov/')
```
Now you can pass the URL and time you want as separate parameters:
```
client.get_memento('http://www.noaa.gov/', datetime.datetime(2018, 8, 1))
```
If the datetime parameter does not specify a timezone, it will be treated as UTC (not local time).

You can also pass a wayback.CdxRecord that you received from wayback.WaybackClient.search() instead of a URL and time:
```
for record in client.search('http://www.noaa.gov/'):
    client.get_memento(record)
```
Finally, you can now specify the playback mode of a memento using the mode parameter:
```
client.get_memento('http://www.noaa.gov/',
                   datetime=datetime.datetime(2018, 8, 1),
                   mode=wayback.Mode.view)
```
The default mode is wayback.Mode.original, which returns the exact HTTP response body as was originally archived. Other modes reformat the response body so it’s more friendly for browsing by changing the URLs of links, images, etc. and by adding informational content to the page about the memento you are viewing. They are the modes typically used when you view the Wayback Machine in a web browser.

Don’t worry, though — complete Wayback URLs are still supported. This code still works fine:
```
client.get_memento('http://web.archive.org/web/20180801000000id_/http://www.noaa.gov/')
```
A new follow_redirects parameter specifies whether to follow historical redirects (i.e. redirects that happened when the requested memento was captured). It defaults to True, which matches the old behavior of this method.

get_memento() Returns a Memento Object¶

get_memento() no longer returns a response object from the Requests package. Instead it returns a specialized wayback.Memento object, which is similar, but provides more useful information about the Memento than just the HTTP response from Wayback. For example, memento.url is the original URL the memento is a capture of (e.g. http://www.noaa.gov/) rather than the Wayback URL (e.g. http://web.archive.org/web/20180816111911id_/http://www.noaa.gov/). You can still get the full Wayback URL from memento.memento_url.

You can check out the full API documentation for wayback.Memento, but here’s a quick guide to what’s available:

memento = client.get_memento('http://www.noaa.gov/home',
                             datetime(2018, 8, 16, 11, 19, 11),
                             exact=False)

# These values were previously not available except by parsing
# `memento.url`. The old `memento.url` is now `memento.memento_url`.
memento.url == 'http://www.noaa.gov/'
memento.timestamp == datetime(2018, 8, 29, 8, 8, 49, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
memento.mode == 'id_'

# Used to be `memento.url`:
memento.memento_url == 'http://web.archive.org/web/20180816111911id_/http://www.noaa.gov/'

# Used to be a list of `Response` objects, now a *tuple* of Mementos. It
# lists only the redirects that are actual Mementos and not part of
# Wayback's internal machinery:
memento.history == (Memento<url='http://noaa.gov/home'>,)

# Used to be a list of `Response` objects, now a *tuple* of URL strings:
memento.debug_history == ('http://web.archive.org/web/20180816111911id_/http://noaa.gov/home',
                          'http://web.archive.org/web/20180829092926id_/http://noaa.gov/home',
                          'http://web.archive.org/web/20180829092926id_/http://noaa.gov/')

# Headers now only lists headers from the original archived response, not
# additional headers from the Wayback Machine itself. (If there's
# important information you needed in the headers, file an issue and let
# us know! We'd like to surface that kind of information as attributes on
# the Memento now.
memento.headers = {'header_name': 'header_value',
                   'another_header': 'another_value',
                   'and': 'so on'}

# Same as before:
memento.status_code
memento.ok
memento.is_redirect
memento.encoding
memento.content
memento.text

v0.2.6 (2021-03-18)¶

Fix a major bug where a session’s timeout would not actually be applied to most requests. HUGE thanks to @LionSzl for discovering this issue and addressing it. (#68)

v0.3.0 Beta 1 (2021-03-15)¶

wayback.WaybackClient.get_memento() now raises wayback.exceptions.NoMementoError when the requested URL has never been archived. It also now raises wayback.exceptions.MementoPlaybackError in all other cases where an error was returned by the Wayback Machine (so you should never see a requests.exceptions.HTTPError). However, you may still see other network-level errors (e.g. ConnectionError).

v0.3.0 Alpha 3 (2020-11-05)¶

Fixes a bug in the new wayback.Memento type where header parsing would fail for mementos with schemeless Location headers. (#61)

v0.3.0 Alpha 2 (2020-11-04)¶

Fixes a bug in the new wayback.Memento type where header parsing would fail for mementos with path-based Location headers. (#60)

v0.3.0 Alpha 1 (2020-10-20)¶

Breaking Changes:

This release focuses on wayback.WaybackClient.get_memento() and makes major, breaking changes to its parameters and return type. They’re all improvements, though, we promise!

get_memento() Parameters

The parameters in wayback.WaybackClient.get_memento() have been re-organized. The method signature is now:

def get_memento(self,
                url,                        # Accepts new types of values.
                datetime=None,              # New parameter.
                mode=Mode.original,         # New parameter.
                *,                          # Everything below is keyword-only.
                exact=True,
                exact_redirects=None,
                target_window=24 * 60 * 60,
                follow_redirects=True)      # New parameter.

All parameters except url (the first parameter) from v0.2.x must now be specified with keywords, and cannot be specified positionally.

If you previously used keywords, your code will be fine and no changes are necessary:

# This still works great!
client.get_memento('http://web.archive.org/web/20180816111911id_/http://www.noaa.gov/',
                   exact=False,
                   exact_redirects=False,
                   target_window=3600)

However, positional parameters like the following will now cause problems, and you should switch to the above keyword form:

# This will now cause you some trouble :(
client.get_memento('http://web.archive.org/web/20180816111911id_/http://www.noaa.gov/',
                   False,
                   False,
                   3600)

The url parameter can now be a normal, non-Wayback URL or a wayback.CdxRecord, and new datetime and mode parameters have been added.

Previously, if you wanted to get a memento of what http://www.noaa.gov/ looked like on August 1, 2018, you would have had to construct a complex string to pass to get_memento():
```
client.get_memento('http://web.archive.org/web/20180801000000id_/http://www.noaa.gov/')
```
Now you can pass the URL and time you want as separate parameters:
```
client.get_memento('http://www.noaa.gov/', datetime.datetime(2018, 8, 1))
```
If the datetime parameter does not specify a timezone, it will be treated as UTC (not local time).

You can also pass a wayback.CdxRecord that you received from wayback.WaybackClient.search() instead of a URL and time:
```
for record in client.search('http://www.noaa.gov/'):
    client.get_memento(record)
```
Finally, you can now specify the playback mode of a memento using the mode parameter:
```
client.get_memento('http://www.noaa.gov/',
                   datetime=datetime.datetime(2018, 8, 1),
                   mode=wayback.Mode.view)
```
The default mode is wayback.Mode.original, which returns the exact HTTP response body as was originally archived. Other modes reformat the response body so it’s more friendly for browsing by changing the URLs of links, images, etc. and by adding informational content to the page about the memento you are viewing. They are the modes typically used when you view the Wayback Machine in a web browser.

Don’t worry, though — complete Wayback URLs are still supported. This code still works fine:
```
client.get_memento('http://web.archive.org/web/20180801000000id_/http://www.noaa.gov/')
```
A new follow_redirects parameter specifies whether to follow historical redirects (i.e. redirects that happened when the requested memento was captured). It defaults to True, which matches the old behavior of this method.

get_memento() Returns a Memento Object

get_memento() no longer returns a response object from the Requests package. Instead it returns a specialized wayback.Memento object, which is similar, but provides more useful information about the Memento than just the HTTP response from Wayback. For example, memento.url is the original URL the memento is a capture of (e.g. http://www.noaa.gov/) rather than the Wayback URL (e.g. http://web.archive.org/web/20180816111911id_/http://www.noaa.gov/). You can still get the full Wayback URL from memento.memento_url.

You can check out the full API docs for wayback.Memento, but here’s a quick guide to what’s available:

memento = client.get_memento('http://www.noaa.gov/home',
                             datetime(2018, 8, 16, 11, 19, 11),
                             exact=False)

# These values were previously not available except by parsing
# `memento.url`. The old `memento.url` is now `memento.memento_url`.
memento.url == 'http://www.noaa.gov/'
memento.timestamp == datetime(2018, 8, 29, 8, 8, 49, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
memento.mode == 'id_'

# Used to be `memento.url`:
memento.memento_url == 'http://web.archive.org/web/20180816111911id_/http://www.noaa.gov/'

# Used to be a list of `Response` objects, now a *tuple* of Mementos. It
# Still lists only the redirects that are actual Mementos and not part of
# Wayback's internal machinery:
memento.history == (Memento<url='http://noaa.gov/home'>,)

# Used to be a list of `Response` objects, now a *tuple* of URL strings:
memento.debug_history == ('http://web.archive.org/web/20180816111911id_/http://noaa.gov/home',
                          'http://web.archive.org/web/20180829092926id_/http://noaa.gov/home',
                          'http://web.archive.org/web/20180829092926id_/http://noaa.gov/')

# Headers now only lists headers from the original, archived response, not
# additional headers from the Wayback Machine itself. (If there's
# important information you needed in the headers, file an issue and let
# us know! We'd like to surface that kind of information as attributes on
# the Memento now.
memento.headers = {'header_name': 'header_value',
                   'another_header': 'another_value',
                   'and': 'so on'}

# Same as before:
memento.status_code
memento.ok
memento.is_redirect
memento.encoding
memento.content
memento.text

Under the hood, Wayback still uses Requests for HTTP requests, but we expect to change that soon to ensure this package is thread-safe.

Other Breaking Changes

Finally, wayback.memento_url_data() now returns 3 values instead of 2. The last value is a string representing the playback mode (see above description of the new mode parameter on wayback.WaybackClient.get_memento() for more about playback modes).

v0.2.5 (2020-10-19)¶

This release fixes a bug where the target_window parameter for wayback.WaybackClient.get_memento() did not work correctly if the memento you were redirected to was off by more than a day from the requested time. See #53 for more.

v0.2.4 (2020-09-07)¶

This release is focused on improved error handling.

Breaking Changes:

The timestamps in CdxRecord objects returned by wayback.WaybackClient.search() now include timezone information. (They are always in the UTC timezone.)

Updates:

The history attribute of a memento now only includes redirects that were mementos (i.e. redirects that would have been seen when browsing the recorded site at the time it was recorded). Other redirects involved in working with the memento API are still available in debug_history, which includes all redirects, whether or not they were mementos.
Wayback’s CDX search API sometimes returns repeated, identical results. These are now filtered out, so repeat search results will not be yielded from wayback.WaybackClient.search().
wayback.exceptions.RateLimitError will now be raised as an exception any time you breach the Wayback Machine’s rate limits. This would previously have been wayback.exceptions.WaybackException, wayback.exceptions.MementoPlaybackError, or regular HTTP responses, depending on the method you called. It has a retry_after property that indicates how many seconds you should wait before trying again (if the server sent that information, otherwise it will be None).
wayback.exceptions.BlockedSiteError will now be raised any time you search for a URL or request a memento that has been blocked from access (for example, in situations where the Internet Archive has received a takedown notice).

v0.2.3 (2020-03-25)¶

This release downgrades the minimum Python version to 3.6! You can now use Wayback in places like Google Colab.

The from_date and to_date arguments for wayback.WaybackClient.search() can now be datetime.date instances in addition to datetime.datetime.

Huge thanks to @edsu for implementing both of these!

v0.2.2 (2020-02-13)¶

When errors were raised or redirects were involved in WaybackClient.get_memento(), it was previously possible for connections to be left hanging open. Wayback now works harder to make sure connections aren’t left open.

This release also updates the default user agent string to include the repo URL. It now looks like: wayback/0.2.2 (+https://github.com/edgi-govdata-archiving/wayback)

v0.2.1 (2019-12-01)¶

All custom exceptions raised publicly and used internally are now exposed via a new module, wayback.exceptions.

v0.2.0 (2019-11-26)¶

Initial release of this project. See v0.1 below for information about a separate project with the same name that has since been removed from PyPI.

v0.1¶

This version number is reserved because it was the last published release of a separate Python project also named wayback that has since been deleted from the Python Package Index and subsequently superseded by this one. That project, which focused on the Wayback Machine’s timemap API, was maintained by Jeff Goettsch (username jgoettsch on the Python Package Index). Its source code is still available on BitBucket at https://bitbucket.org/jgoettsch/py-wayback/.